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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(5): 624-628, Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755899

ABSTRACT

In the Americas, hantaviruses cause severe cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) with a high fatality rate. Hantavirus infection is commonly diagnosed using serologic techniques and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This paper presents a novel plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) for detecting antibodies to Brazilian hantavirus. Using PRNT, plaque detection was enhanced by adding 0.6% of dimethyl sulfoxide into the overlay culture medium of the infected cells. This procedure facilitated clear visualisation of small plaques under the microscope and provided for easy and accurate plaque counting. The sera from 37 HCPS patients from the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil was evaluated for the Rio Mamoré virus (RIOMV) using PRNT. Six samples exhibited neutralising antibodies; these antibodies exhibited a low titre. The low level of seropositive samples may be due to fewer cross-reactions between two different hantavirus species; the patients were likely infected by Araraquara virus (a virus that has not been isolated) and RIOMV was used for the test. This assay offers a new approach to evaluating and measuring neutralising antibodies produced during hantavirus infections and it can be adapted to other hantaviruses, including viruses that will be isolated in the future.

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Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Neutralization Tests/methods , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus/growth & development , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Plaque Assay
2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962171

ABSTRACT

Dengue, a disease caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue viruses, is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in the world in terms of both morbidity and mortality. The infection by these viruses induces a plethora of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe diseases with involvement of several organs. Severe forms of the disease are more frequent in secondary infections by distinct serotypes and, consequently, a dengue vaccine must be tetravalent. Although several approaches have been used on the vaccine development, no vaccine is available against these viruses, especially because of problems on the development of a tetravalent vaccine. Here, we describe briefly the vaccine candidates available and their ability to elicit a protective immune response. We also discuss the problems and possibilities of any of the vaccines in final development stage reaching the market for human use.


Dengue, doença causada por qualquer um dos quatro sorotipos dos vírus dengue, é atualmente a mais importante doença viral transmitida por artrópodos em todo o mundo, tanto em termos de morbidade como de mortalidade. A infecção por estes vírus causa grande variedade de manifestações clínicas, desde infecções assintomáticas até doenças graves com envolvimento de diversos órgãos. As formas graves da dengue são mais frequentes em infecções secundárias por sorotipos diferentes e, por esta razão, a vacina contra a dengue deve ser tetravalente. Embora várias estratégias tenham sido usadas no desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a dengue, não há ainda nenhuma vacina disponível, particularmente por problemas no desenvolvimento de uma vacina tetravalente. Aqui, descreve-se brevemente os candidatos vacinais disponíveis e a capacidade de eles induzirem resposta imune protetora contra novas infecções. Ainda, discutimos os problemas e as possibilidades de liberação, para uso em seres humanos, de qualquer uma das vacinas em fase final de desenvolvimento


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue Vaccines , Brazil , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Approval , Dengue Virus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology
3.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 50(1): 39-44, Jan. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452546

ABSTRACT

An indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of poliovirus antigen. Virus antigen was obtained in LLC-MK2 cell cultures and used to prepare antibodies in rabbit and guinea pig. Antibodies were evaluated by double immunodiffusion and neutralization test. Optimal concentrations of guinea pig and rabbit immunoglobulins were determined by checkerboard titration. Microtitre plates were coated with 15.0 µg/ml guinea pig anti-polio immunoglobulin and rabbit anti-polio immunoglobulin at the concentration of 7.94 µg/ml was used as detecting antibody. The standard curve with eight different antigen concentrations in eight replicates resulted in a coefficient of variation (CV) between 2.1 percent to 7.8 percent. The dose-response relationship was determined by simple linear regression with a coefficient of correlation (R²) equal to 96.4 percent. The assay detected a minimum of 2.3 µg/ml poliovirus antigen.


O trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto para a detecção de antígeno de poliovírus. O antígeno viral foi obtido em cultura de células LLC-MK2 e usado para imunização de coelho e cobaia. Os soros hiperimunes foram avaliados por imunodifusão dupla e teste de neutralização. Após padronização, o soro de captura, produzido em cobaia, foi usado na concentração protéica de 15.0 µg/ml para sensibilizar microplacas de poliestireno e o soro de coelho (detector) foi usado na concentração de 7.94 µg/ml. A curva padrão resultante da utilização de oito diferentes concentrações do antígeno padrão definiu um coeficiente de variação de 2.1 por cento a 7.8 por cento. A relação dose-resposta foi determinada por regressão linear simples com o estabelecimento do coeficiente de correlação (R²) igual a 96.4 por cento. O ensaio possibilitou a detecção mínima de 2.3 µg/ml de antígeno de poliovírus.

4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(3): 313-317, May 2004. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-362001

ABSTRACT

Rotaviruses have been implicated as the major causal agents of acute diarrhoea in mammals and fowls. Experimental rotavirus infection have been associated to a series of sub-cellular pathologic alterations leading to cell lysis which may represent key functions in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoeic disease. The current work describes the cytopathic changes in cultured MA-104 cells infected by a simian (SA-11) and a porcine (1154) rotavirus strains. Trypan blue exclusion staining showed increased cell permeability after infection by both strains, as demonstrated by cell viability. This effect was confirmed by the leakage of infected cells evaluated by chromium release. Nuclear fragmentation was observed by acridine orange and Wright staining but specific DNA cleavage was not detected. Ultrastructural changes, such as chromatin condensation, cytoplasm vacuolisation, and loss of intercellular contact were shown in infected cells for both strains. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tunel) assay did not show positive result. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both strains of rotavirus induced necrosis as the major degenerative effect.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rotavirus , Apoptosis , Cell Culture Techniques , Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral , Haplorhini , Microscopy, Electron , Necrosis , Swine , Time Factors
5.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 44(3): 257-261, set. 2001. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-315363

ABSTRACT

Os rotavírus säo patógenos comuns e causam diarréia aguda em crianças e animais jovens. Neste trabalho avaliamos a participaçäo do vírus na diarréia de populaçäo humanas das áreas urbana e rural da cidade de Londrina, Paraná. Foram analisadas 905 amostras fecais de indivíduos com diarréia aguda, senso 686 e 219 amostras das zonas urbanas e rural, respectivamente. Trinta eoito amostras (4,2 por cento) foram consideradas positivas pelas técnicas de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida do RNA viral e aglutinaçäo passiva de látex, das quais 36 da área urbana e dois da área rural. Das amostras positivas, 17 foram genotipadas por RT-PCR tendo sido caracterizadas 16 cepas G1 e uma consideradas mistura dos gfenótipos G1 e G3


Subject(s)
Diarrhea , Incidence , Public Health , Rotavirus , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Latex Fixation Tests , RNA, Viral , Rural Health , Urban Sanitation
6.
Semina ; 16(ed.esp): 53-8, set. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-216781

ABSTRACT

Considerando que a AIDS tornou-se um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública dos tempos atuais em face do grande aumento dos índices mundiais relativos a esta doença, foi avaliado o nível de conscientizaçäo da populaçäo de Londrina, mais especificamente na área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde "Dr. Newton L. Câmara - Vila Casoni", visando verificar nesta regiäo, o nível de conscientizaçäo da populaçäo situada na faixa etária dos 13-40 anos, além de levantar conhecimentos naquela comunidade, com relaçäo à prevençäo da AIDS. Os resultados obtidos revelam que existe preocupaçäo por parte da populaçäo, sendo satisfatórios os níveis de conscientizaçäo e prevençäo relativos à AIDS


Subject(s)
Disease Transmission, Infectious , Sickness Impact Profile , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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